匯編語言的高級語言特性

2019-11-17 05:50:13

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     現在寫匯編語言，就象寫結構化的高級語言一樣，非常的方便。不信？你看看下面寫的小程序就知道啦，沒有程序跳轉，完全的結構化設計。最后還附有 Glow Glove 總結的小篇文章，供大家學習參考。

;-------------------------------------------------------
;例：計算一個數據的階乘
;若結果較小，可放在 EAX 寄存器
;若結果較小，可放在 EDX:EAX 寄存器
;文件名：7.asm

        .386
        .model flat,stdcall
        option casemap:none

include windows.inc

include masm32.inc
include kernel32.inc
include user32.inc

includelib masm32.lib
includelib kernel32.lib
includelib user32.lib

        .data?
CharOut db 100 dup(?)

        .code

OutEdxEax PROTO :DWord      ;將EDX:EAX中的數據轉換成十進制輸出字符串形式！

OutEdxEax proc lpString     ;比如：EDX=0,EAX=01234567H,則轉換后的字符串為：
                                    -> '19088743',0
        mov edi,lpString    ;指向存放結果的地址
        mov esi,lpString

        mov ecx,10          ;轉換成十進制
        .while eax!=0 || edx!=0
            push eax
            mov eax,edx
            xor edx,edx
            div ecx
            mov ebx,eax
            pop eax
            div ecx
            add dl,'0'
            mov [edi],dl    ;存放結果
            inc edi
            mov edx,ebx
        .endw

        mov BYTE ptr [edi],0;字符串以0為結尾
        dec edi

        .while edi>esi      ;結果前變后，后變前！

            mov al,[esi]
            xchg al,[edi]
            mov [esi],al
            inc esi
            dec edi
        .endw
        ret
OutEdxEax   endp

start:          ;程序開始
    xor eax,eax ;存放結果的寄存器EDX:EAX=1
    xor edx,edx
    inc eax
    mov ecx,20  ;計算20的階乘。不能大于20，否則會溢出，結果將不再正確！
    .while ecx>0
        .if edx==0  ;結果在EAX中
            mul ecx
        .else       ;結果在EDX:EAX中
            push edx
            mul ecx
            pop ebx
            push eax
            push edx
            mov eax,ecx
            mul ebx
            pop edx
            add edx,eax
            pop eax
        .endif
        dec ecx
    .endw

    .if edx==0          ;結果在EAX中
        invoke dw2a,eax,addr CharOut
    .else               ;結果在EDX:EAX中
        invoke OutEdxEax,addr CharOut   ;用我們自己的程序轉換！
    .endif

    invoke StdOut,addr CharOut  ;控制臺輸出結果
    invoke ExitProcess,NULL     ;結束程序
    end start
----------------------------------------------------------------
生成7.exe的具體操作過程

D:/MASM7>ml /coff /I include 7.asm /link /subsystem:console /libpath:lib
Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 6.14.8444

Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1981-1997.  All rights reserved.

Assembling: 7.asm
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 5.12.8078
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved.

/subsystem:console /libpath:lib
"7.obj"
"/OUT:7.exe"

D:/MASM7>7
2432902008176640000
D:/MASM7>_
---------------------------------------------------------------------
用W32dasm反編譯后的結果，大家可看看“匯編語言”是怎樣翻譯成“機器語言”的。

Program Entry Point = 00401042 (7.exe File Offset:00001642)

:00401000 55                      push ebp
:00401001 8BEC                    mov ebp, esp
:00401003 8B7D08                  mov edi, dword ptr [ebp+08]
:00401006 8B7508                  mov esi, dword ptr [ebp+08]
:00401009 B90A000000              mov ecx, 0000000A
:0040100E EB14                    jmp 00401024

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Addresses:
|:00401026(C), :0040102A(C)
|
:00401010 50                      push eax
:00401011 8BC2                    mov eax, edx
:00401013 33D2                    xor edx, edx
:00401015 F7F1                    div ecx
:00401017 8BD8                    mov ebx, eax
:00401019 58                      pop eax
:0040101A F7F1                    div ecx
:0040101C 80C230                  add dl, 30
:0040101F 8817                    mov byte ptr [edi], dl
:00401021 47                      inc edi

:00401022 8BD3                    mov edx, ebx

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:0040100E(U)
|
:00401024 0BC0                    or eax, eax
:00401026 75E8                    jne 00401010
:00401028 0BD2                    or edx, edx
:0040102A 75E4                    jne 00401010
:0040102C C60700                  mov byte ptr [edi], 00
:0040102F 4F                      dec edi
:00401030 EB08                    jmp 0040103A

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:0040103C(C)
|
:00401032 8A06                    mov al, byte ptr [esi]
:00401034 8607                    xchg byte ptr [edi], al
:00401036 8806                    mov byte ptr [esi], al
:00401038 46                      inc esi
:00401039 4F                      dec edi

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:00401030(U)
|
:0040103A 3BFE                    cmp edi, esi
:0040103C 77F4                    ja 00401032
:0040103E C9                      leave
:0040103F C20400                  ret 0004

//******************** Program Entry Point ********
:00401042 33C0                    xor eax, eax

:00401044 33D2                    xor edx, edx
:00401046 40                      inc eax
:00401047 B914000000              mov ecx, 00000014
:0040104C EB17                    jmp 00401065

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:00401068(C)
|
:0040104E 0BD2                    or edx, edx
:00401050 7504                    jne 00401056
:00401052 F7E1                    mul ecx
:00401054 EB0E                    jmp 00401064

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:00401050(C)
|
:00401056 52                      push edx
:00401057 F7E1                    mul ecx
:00401059 5B                      pop ebx
:0040105A 50                      push eax
:0040105B 52                      push edx
:0040105C 8BC1                    mov eax, ecx
:0040105E F7E3                    mul ebx
:00401060 5A                      pop edx
:00401061 03D0                    add edx, eax
:00401063 58                      pop eax

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:00401054(U)
|
:00401064 49                      dec ecx

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:0040104C(U)
|
:00401065 83F900                  cmp ecx, 00000000
:00401068 77E4                    ja 0040104E
:0040106A 0BD2                    or edx, edx
:0040106C 750D                    jne 0040107B
:0040106E 6804304000              push 00403004
:00401073 50                      push eax
:00401074 E81F000000              call 00401098
:00401079 EB0A                    jmp 00401085

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:0040106C(C)
|
:0040107B 6804304000              push 00403004
:00401080 E87BFFFFFF              call 00401000

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:00401079(U)
|
:00401085 6804304000              push 00403004
:0040108A E825000000              call 004010B4
:0040108F 6A00                    push 00000000

* Reference To: KERNEL32.ExitProcess, Ord:0075h
                                  |
:00401091 E88E000000              Call 00401124
:00401096 CC                      int 03
:00401097 CC                      int 03

* Referenced by a CALL at Address:
|:00401074
|
:00401098 55                      push ebp
:00401099 8BEC                    mov ebp, esp

:0040109B FF7508                  push [ebp+08]

* Possible StringData Ref from Data Obj ->"%lu"
                                  |
:0040109E 6800304000              push 00403000
:004010A3 FF750C                  push [ebp+0C]

* Reference To: USER32.wsprintfA, Ord:02A5h
                                  |
:004010A6 E88B000000              Call 00401136
:004010AB 83C40C                  add esp, 0000000C
:004010AE C9                      leave
:004010AF C20800                  ret 0008

:004010B2 CC                      int 03
:004010B3 CC                      int 03

* Referenced by a CALL at Address:
|:0040108A
|
:004010B4 55                      push ebp
:004010B5 8BEC                    mov ebp, esp
:004010B7 83C4F4                  add esp, FFFFFFF4
:004010BA 6AF5                    push FFFFFFF5

* Reference To: KERNEL32.GetStdHandle, Ord:013Dh
                                  |
:004010BC E869000000              Call 0040112A
:004010C1 8945FC                  mov dword ptr [ebp-04], eax

:004010C4 FF7508                  push [ebp+08]
:004010C7 E820000000              call 004010EC
:004010CC 8945F4                  mov dword ptr [ebp-0C], eax
:004010CF 6A00                    push 00000000
:004010D1 8D45F8                  lea eax, dword ptr [ebp-08]
:004010D4 50                      push eax
:004010D5 FF75F4                  push [ebp-0C]
:004010D8 FF7508                  push [ebp+08]
:004010DB FF75FC                  push [ebp-04]

* Reference To: KERNEL32.WriteFile, Ord:02B9h
                                  |
:004010DE E84D000000              Call 00401130
:004010E3 8B45F8                  mov eax, dword ptr [ebp-08]
:004010E6 C9                      leave
:004010E7 C20400                  ret 0004

:004010EA CC                      int 03
:004010EB CC                      int 03

* Referenced by a CALL at Address:
|:004010C7
|
:004010EC 55                      push ebp
:004010ED 8BEC                    mov ebp, esp
:004010EF 53                      push ebx
:004010F0 8B4508                  mov eax, dword ptr [ebp+08]

:004010F3 8D5003                  lea edx, dword ptr [eax+03]

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:0040110B(C)
|
:004010F6 8B18                    mov ebx, dword ptr [eax]
:004010F8 83C004                  add eax, 00000004
:004010FB 8D8BFFFEFEFE            lea ecx, dword ptr [ebx+FEFEFEFF]
:00401101 F7D3                    not ebx
:00401103 23CB                    and ecx, ebx
:00401105 81E180808080            and ecx, 80808080
:0040110B 74E9                    je 004010F6
:0040110D F7C180800000            test ecx, 00008080
:00401113 7506                    jne 0040111B
:00401115 C1E910                  shr ecx, 10
:00401118 83C002                  add eax, 00000002

* Referenced by a (U)nconditional or (C)onditional Jump at Address:
|:00401113(C)
|
:0040111B D0E1                    shl cl, 1
:0040111D 1BC2                    sbb eax, edx
:0040111F 5B                      pop ebx
:00401120 C9                      leave
:00401121 C20400                  ret 0004

* Referenced by a CALL at Address:
|:00401091
|

* Reference To: KERNEL32.ExitProcess, Ord:0075h
                                  |
:00401124 FF2508204000            Jmp dword ptr [00402008]

* Referenced by a CALL at Address:
|:004010BC
|

* Reference To: KERNEL32.GetStdHandle, Ord:013Dh
                                  |
:0040112A FF2500204000            Jmp dword ptr [00402000]

* Referenced by a CALL at Address:
|:004010DE
|

* Reference To: KERNEL32.WriteFile, Ord:02B9h
                                  |
:00401130 FF2504204000            Jmp dword ptr [00402004]

* Reference To: USER32.wsprintfA, Ord:02A5h
                                  |
:00401136 FF2510204000            Jmp dword ptr [00402010]
:0040113C 00000000000000000000    BYTE 10 DUP(0)

------------------------------------------------------------------
MASM 6.x 新增指令列表:  Glow Glove 制 (請體諒小弟辛勞，勿消去)

MASM 6.x 推出以久，但市面上有關之書籍及資料卻少得可憐，小弟當初接觸
MASM 6.x 時，辛辛勞苦才找出資料的，為了那些後進不用踏著先烈的血跡前
撲後繼，特將小弟「翻」出來的東東公布出來。

這些指令都是小弟從書上(厚顏無恥，在老板的白眼下辛勞抄下來的)
及MASM 6.0 之范例程式中翻出來的，若有遺落疏失，請包涵。
請體諒小弟之辛勞，勿將小弟的ID消去。

MASM 6.x與MASM 5.x最大不同，在於6.x 比5.x 更高階化了(或說更PASCAL化)，
其內提供了判定、回圈、模組化副程式等，各種令組合語言使用者望穿秋水之指
令，看完內容，請不要感動的痛哭流涕，或恨他為什麼不早點出來。

運算符號:
    == : 等於        &  : 位元測試
    != : 不等於      !  : 否 NOT
    >  : 大於        && : 且 AND
    <  : 小於        || : 或 OR

輔助運算符號:
    ZERO?     : ZERO ZF=1,ZR        !ZERO?     : NOT ZERO ZF=0,NZ
    CARRY?    : CARRY CF=1,CY       !CARRY?    : NOT CARRY CF=0,NC
    OVERFLOW? : OVERFLOW,OV         !OVERFLOW? : NOT OVERFLOW,NV
    SIGN?     : NEGATIVE,NG         !SIGN?     : PLUS,PL
    PARITY?   : PARITY EVEN,PE      !PARITY?   : PARITY ODD,PO

Examples:
    .IF AX == 1               .REPEAT
    .IF ZERO?                 .UNTIL ZERO?
    .IF !(AX & 0Fh)
    .IF AL=ESC || AL=CR
    看到這些指令了嗎? 是不是似曾相識，期待以久了。

判定式:
    .IF
         .
    .ELSEIF
         .
    .ELSE
         .
    .ENDIF

    .ELSEIF 及.ELSE 為非必要之動作，寫過高階語言的應該不難了解才對!

回圈指令:
    (1) 前測式:
        .WHILE
              .
              .
        .ENDW
        當條件成立，即執行回圈內，否則執行回圈後之動作

    (2) 後測式:
      1.  .REPEAT
              .
              .
          .UNTIL
        or
      2.  .REPEAT
              .
              .
          .UNTILCXZ

      1. 回圈一直到條件成立即停止回圈
      2. 同1 ，但加上判定CX是否為0 (OR的關系，即條件為真或CX==0)

輔助指令:
    .BREAK
    .COUNTINE

    配合上述回圈指令運用
    .BREAK    可中止回圈
    .COUNTINE 可跳至回圈開頭
    可在其後加上敘述，敘述成立才動作

嗯! 愈看愈像PASCAL了

Examples:

    .WHILE AX==1 || !ZERO?     .REPEAT
            .                         .
    .ENDW                      .UNTIL (AX & 1)

    .REPEAT
            .

        .BREAK .IF ZERO?
            .
        .COUNTINE
            .
    .UNTILCXZ (DX == 0)

引申:
    上述之判定式及回圈，其實就是CMP XX,YY
                                Jxx xxxx,LOOPxx xxxx
                                之組合。

    其內動作復雜，小弟寫不出來 :~~( 請寫過MASM 5.x的人自行
    體會那種復雜的古老方式。

以上內容為：MASM 6.x 新增指令列表:  Glow Glove 制 (請體諒小弟辛勞，勿消去)

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